਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} ਍⸀䌀㄀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀  㘀㘀䌀䌀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} ਍⸀䌀伀一吀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀䘀䘀    㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ ਍㰀䈀伀䐀夀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀伀䐀夀∀ 漀渀挀漀渀琀攀砀琀洀攀渀甀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀搀爀愀最猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀猀攀氀攀挀琀猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀⌀㘀㔀㈀㜀㤀㰀椀㸀䠀䄀儀☀⌀㈀㤀㠀儀☀⌀㈀㔀㘀吀ⴀ䤀ⴀ䈀䤀一☀⌀㈀㔀㘀ⴀ伀ⴀ✀唀刀☀⌀㌀㘀㈀䨀ⴀ䤀ⴀ䘀䤀刀儀☀⌀㈀㔀㘀ⴀ䤀ⴀ匀䤀䬀䠀☀⌀㈀㔀㘀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㠀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 愀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 戀礀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀 愀甀琀栀漀爀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀琀猀 琀椀琀氀攀 氀椀琀攀爀愀氀氀礀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 吀爀甀琀栀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 伀爀椀最椀渀 愀渀搀 刀椀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 匀攀挀琀⸀ 伀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㄀㜀㠀㌀ 愀渀搀 ㄀㜀㠀㔀⸀ 䌀漀瀀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 愀琀 刀漀礀愀氀 䄀猀椀愀琀椀挀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 䜀爀攀愀琀 䈀爀椀琀愀椀渀 愀渀搀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀㬀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀㬀 愀渀搀 愀琀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 䄀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 戀礀 䤀渀搀甀戀栀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀猀愀渀 䈀愀渀攀爀樀攀攀 眀愀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 儀甀愀爀琀攀爀氀礀Ⰰ 堀嘀䤀䤀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㈀Ⰰ 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 ∀䄀 匀栀漀爀琀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 伀爀椀最椀渀 愀渀搀 刀椀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀⸀∀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

         The earlier portion of the work dealing with the Sikh Gurūs is an imperfect account and betrays the author's ignorance about the origin and development of Sikh brotherhood during the first two hundred years. For example, Gurū Nānak's progeny is called Bhallās instead of Bedīs; the next seven Gurūs are given only a couple of sentences; Gurū Tegh Bahādur is described as a rebel and a tyrant who took pleasure in shooting down his horses and men; and the incidents from the life of Bandā Siṅgh Bahādur overlap those from the life of Gurū Gobind Siṅgh; Bandā Siṅgh is mentioned as launching upon his exploits in the reign of Farrukh-Sīyar who in fact became emperor five years after the death of the Gurū. Thereafter, however, the author's account comes nearer to those of his other contemporaries and can be useful to serious students of history. Describing government's expeditions against Bandā Siṅgh and his ultimate capture and execution, the author bears testimony to the fact that not a single Sikh out of the one thousand and six hundred captured along with Bandā Siṅgh accepted the offer to convert to save his life. He particularly mentions a young Sikh whom the Kotwāl (executive magistrate) of Delhi offered to accept as his own son and get him a reprieve only if he accepted Islam; but the offer was bluntly rejected and the boy met his death as serenely as did his other brothers-in-faith.

਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ吀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 瀀爀愀椀猀攀猀 娀愀欀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 漀昀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 ⠀㄀㜀㈀㘀ⴀ㐀㔀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 栀椀猀 爀甀氀攀 愀猀 愀渀 攀爀愀 漀昀 瀀攀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 瀀氀攀渀琀礀⸀ 䄀 戀爀椀攀昀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀椀爀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀✀猀 椀渀瘀愀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 最椀瘀攀渀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 娀愀欀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀✀猀 搀攀愀琀栀Ⰰ 愀 琀甀猀猀氀攀 昀漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 栀椀猀 琀眀漀 猀漀渀猀Ⰰ 夀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 愀渀搀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 一愀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀稀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 椀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 甀猀攀搀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 栀椀猀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀栀攀渀 氀愀琀攀爀 栀攀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 瀀攀爀猀攀挀甀琀攀搀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 一愀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀稀 椀渀瘀椀琀攀搀 䄀栀洀愀搀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 䄀戀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 琀漀 椀渀瘀愀搀攀 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 搀攀猀挀攀渀搀攀搀 甀瀀漀渀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀Ⰰ 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 一愀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀稀 昀攀氀氀 漀甀琀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀洀 愀渀搀 栀愀搀 琀漀 昀氀攀攀 琀漀 䐀攀氀栀椀⸀ 䄀栀洀愀搀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀✀猀 搀攀昀攀愀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀甀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀愀氀猀Ⰰ 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 椀渀瘀愀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 䴀甀✀椀渀 甀氀ⴀ䴀甀氀欀 ⠀䴀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 䴀愀渀渀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀Ⰰ 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 匀椀欀栀 挀栀爀漀渀椀挀氀攀爀猀⤀ 琀漀 瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 愀猀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 琀栀攀 最爀甀攀猀漀洀攀 愀琀爀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀 䴀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 䴀愀渀渀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 瀀攀爀瀀攀琀爀愀琀攀搀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 漀渀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 猀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀 椀渀瘀愀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䄀栀洀愀搀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 愀渀渀攀砀攀搀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 栀椀猀 漀眀渀 猀漀渀 吀愀椀洀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀爀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 栀椀猀 瘀椀挀攀爀漀礀 愀琀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 栀椀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀搀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 䨀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 愀猀 栀椀猀 搀攀瀀甀琀礀⸀ 䈀甀琀 吀愀椀洀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀爀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 愀渀搀 䨀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 眀攀爀攀 搀爀椀瘀攀渀 漀甀琀 漀昀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀 戀礀 愀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 昀漀爀挀攀 漀昀 ☀⌀㈀㔀㘀搀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䈀攀最Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀攀昀攀愀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀琀琀氀攀 漀昀 倀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀瀀愀琀 ⠀㄀㜀㘀㄀⤀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀攀爀挀椀氀攀猀猀 猀氀愀甀最栀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 ⠀㄀㜀㘀㈀⤀ 漀挀挀甀瀀礀 瀀攀渀甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀 搀攀愀氀猀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䄀昀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀ⴀ匀椀欀栀 挀漀渀琀攀猀琀 昀漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 眀愀猀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 攀洀椀渀攀渀琀 匀椀欀栀 㰀椀㸀猀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀挀栀椀攀昀猀⤀ 氀椀欀攀 䌀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㄀栀愀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 吀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 㰀甀㸀䜀栀㰀⼀甀㸀愀椀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䨀愀猀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀洀最愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㄀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䠀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 䰀愀栀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 愀渀搀 䜀甀樀樀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 漀昀 䈀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 㰀椀㸀洀椀猀氀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀 攀渀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 爀攀ⴀ挀漀渀焀甀攀猀琀 漀昀 䴀甀氀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 戀礀 吀愀椀洀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀爀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 椀渀 ㄀㜀㜀㤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

         The author supplies details about territories possessed by different Sikh sardārs and briefly describes some of the Sikh customs and practices such as pāhul, kaṛāh prashād and ardās. According to him, the Sikh term ardās is a modified form of 'arzdāsht, Persian term meaning prayer or request made to elders or to the rulers. The Sikh ardās is their prayer to the Gurū or God. The author is familiar with many other terms used by Sikhs such as Gurū, Nānakpanthī, (Gurū) Granth, Panth, Khālsā, Dal, Dal Khālsā, Khālsā Jīo, Buḍḍhā Dal, Vāhigurū, Vāhigurū Jī Kī Fateh, Mahāprashād, Buṅgah, Shabad, Salok, Gurū Kā Sikh, Misl, Nihaṅg, Sukkhā, etc. Erroneously he equates sukkhā with Nihaṅg; sukkhā is an intoxicating drug popular with Nihaṅgs. The author of the Haqīqāt states that the Sikh faith has no prejudice against Islam. Rather the Sikh religion treats all human beings as equals. In Gurū Nānak's scripture humility, according to this work, has precedence over meditation and the whole world is considered to be God's manifestation.

਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ

਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀䬀椀爀瀀愀氀 匀椀渀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䄀 䌀愀琀愀氀漀最甀攀 漀昀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀 愀渀搀 匀愀渀猀欀爀椀琀 䴀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㈀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

Bhagat Siṅgh


਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀⼀䠀吀䴀䰀㸀㰀⼀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ