㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
.BODY { background:#EAF1F7 url('gtbh.jpg') no-repeat fixed center; color: #0066CC}
⸀䌀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀ 㘀㘀䌀䌀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ
.BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;}
⸀䌀伀一吀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀䘀䘀 㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ
table.MsoTableGrid
ऀ笀戀漀爀搀攀爀㨀⸀ 瀀琀 猀漀氀椀搀 眀椀渀搀漀眀琀攀砀琀㬀ഀഀ
font-size:10.0pt;
ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀∀吀椀洀攀猀 一攀眀 刀漀洀愀渀∀㬀ഀഀ
}
㰀⼀猀琀礀氀攀㸀㰀䴀䔀吀䄀 一䄀䴀䔀㴀∀欀攀礀眀漀爀搀猀∀ 䌀伀一吀䔀一吀㴀∀倀伀倀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一∀㸀ഀഀ
㰀䈀伀䐀夀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀伀䐀夀∀ 漀渀挀漀渀琀攀砀琀洀攀渀甀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀搀爀愀最猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀猀攀氀攀挀琀猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀㸀ഀഀ
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀⌀㘀㔀㈀㜀㤀倀伀倀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀Ⰰ 猀洀愀氀氀 愀猀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀樀漀爀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 椀猀 挀栀椀攀昀氀礀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 戀攀椀渀最 昀漀渀搀 漀昀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 匀椀欀栀猀 愀爀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 渀攀愀爀氀礀 愀氀氀 挀漀爀渀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最氀漀戀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 椀猀 㔀 礀攀愀爀猀 漀氀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 椀琀猀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀 最攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 椀琀猀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 愀爀攀 猀挀愀爀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀Ⰰ 琀爀愀瘀攀氀氀攀搀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀 愀渀搀 愀戀爀漀愀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 㰀椀㸀猀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀琀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 昀攀氀氀漀眀猀栀椀瀀猀 漀昀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 愀琀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀欀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 瘀椀猀椀琀猀⸀ 吀漀 氀椀渀欀 琀栀攀猀攀 㰀椀㸀猀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀琀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀Ⰰ 氀漀挀愀氀 氀攀愀搀攀爀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 㰀椀㸀洀愀猀愀渀搀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 眀攀爀攀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 栀椀猀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀漀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀甀愀氀 氀椀渀攀⸀ 伀渀 琀栀攀 琀攀猀琀椀洀漀渀礀 漀昀 愀 挀漀渀琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀爀礀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀Ⰰ 䴀愀甀戀椀搀 娀甀氀昀椀焀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䄀爀搀椀猀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䐀愀戀椀猀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀ⴀ椀ⴀ䴀愀稀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ ∀䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 䴀愀栀愀氀Ⰰ 椀⸀攀⸀ 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 琀椀氀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀椀最渀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䄀爀樀愀渀 䴀愀氀氀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 猀漀 渀甀洀攀爀漀甀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 洀愀渀礀 挀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀栀愀戀椀琀攀搀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 琀漀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀⸀∀ 䔀洀瀀攀爀漀爀 䨀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀漀眀椀渀最 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀猀 椀渀 栀椀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 栀漀猀琀椀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 栀椀猀 愀甀琀漀戀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 㰀椀㸀吀甀稀甀欀ⴀ椀ⴀ䨀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀㨀 ☀⌀㠀㈀㈀ 匀漀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀ⴀ洀椀渀搀攀搀 䠀椀渀搀甀猀Ⰰ 渀愀礀Ⰰ 洀愀渀礀 昀漀漀氀椀猀栀 䴀甀猀氀椀洀猀 琀漀漀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 昀愀猀挀椀渀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀✀猀 眀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀挀栀椀渀最⸀⸀⸀⸀∀ 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䜀甀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀嘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 堀䤀Ⰰ 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 攀洀椀渀攀渀琀 匀椀欀栀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 匀椀欀栀椀猀洀 最椀瘀攀猀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀攀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ 䄀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 椀渀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䄀爀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀✀猀猀甀挀挀攀猀猀漀爀Ⰰ 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䠀愀爀最漀戀椀渀搀 ⠀㘀 㘀ⴀ㐀㐀⤀Ⰰ愀爀攀 ☀⌀㈀㔀㘀最爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䜀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀漀爀Ⰰ 唀樀樀愀椀渀Ⰰ 䈀甀爀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 䰀甀挀欀渀漀眀Ⰰ 倀爀愀礀愀最Ⰰ 倀愀琀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀洀愀栀愀氀 㬀 愀渀搀 ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 匀椀欀栀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 猀琀攀愀搀椀氀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀攀瘀攀渀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀猀 椀猀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀栀甀欀愀洀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 氀攀琀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 吀攀Ⰰ㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀 䈀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀甀爀 ⠀㘀㈀ⴀ㜀㔀⤀ 椀猀猀甀攀搀 琀漀 㰀椀㸀猀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀琀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀渀 昀愀爀 昀氀甀渀最 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀愀渀 ⠀䘀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀搀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀 眀攀猀琀攀爀渀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀椀爀稀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 䈀愀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀愀猀 愀渀搀 倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀攀 攀愀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀礀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 ⠀㘀㘀㘀ⴀ㜀 㠀⤀ 琀漀 琀栀漀猀攀 椀渀 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 刀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀瀀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 䴀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀挀栀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 琀爀愀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 一愀甀猀栀攀栀爀愀 椀渀 䴀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䐀愀猀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀渀 䐀漀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䬀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 椀渀 眀攀猀琀攀爀渀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 䐀栀愀甀氀 椀渀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀愀猀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 愀渀搀 ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䌀栀椀琀琀愀最漀渀最 愀渀搀 匀礀氀栀攀琀 椀渀 攀愀猀琀攀爀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀⸀ 匀椀欀栀猀 挀甀猀琀漀洀愀爀椀氀礀 欀攀瀀琀 瘀椀猀椀琀椀渀最 䄀渀愀渀搀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 甀渀搀攀爀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 栀愀搀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 猀攀愀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 昀愀椀琀栀Ⰰ 椀渀 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 氀愀爀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 漀渀 昀攀猀琀椀瘀愀氀猀 氀椀欀攀 䈀愀椀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀⸀ 伀渀 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀 䈀愀椀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 搀愀礀 漀昀 ㌀ 䴀愀爀挀栀 㘀㤀㤀Ⰰ眀栀椀挀栀 眀椀琀渀攀猀猀攀搀 琀栀攀 䈀椀爀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 䴀甀最栀愀氀 渀攀眀猀眀爀椀琀攀爀✀猀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 ⠀爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀 䜀栀甀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀洀 䴀甀栀愀椀礀甀搀搀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀愀欀栀ⴀ椀ⴀ倀愀樀愀戀㰀⼀椀㸀⤀ ㈀ Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀攀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 爀椀琀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 匀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀Ⰰ 氀攀琀琀攀爀猀 眀攀爀攀Ⰰ 愀猀猀愀礀猀 䬀甀椀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 䜀甀戀椀氀愀猀 倀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀猀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀㐀 ⴀ㔀Ⰰ 椀猀猀甀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀猀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀琀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀昀 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀甀氀Ⰰ 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀搀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀Ⰰ 䤀爀愀渀Ⰰ 㰀甀㸀䜀栀㰀⼀甀㸀愀稀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 䈀漀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 倀攀猀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀眀愀爀Ⰰ ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㈀攀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䜀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㈀攀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀猀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀✀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀氀氀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 䴀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀氀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 匀栀椀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 䨀栀愀渀最 匀椀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀Ⰰ 吀愀氀甀洀戀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 䬀愀猀栀洀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀Ⰰ 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀愀琀最愀爀栀Ⰰ 䨀愀椀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 䈀椀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 倀甀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀Ⰰ 琀漀 挀漀洀攀 琀漀 䄀渀愀渀搀瀀甀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀椀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䘀漀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 猀椀砀琀礀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 匀椀欀栀猀 猀甀昀昀攀爀攀搀 瀀攀爀猀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 伀渀 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 㜀 䴀甀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀愀氀 攀洀瀀攀爀漀爀 栀愀搀 椀猀猀甀攀搀 愀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 搀攀挀爀攀攀 昀漀爀∀ 琀栀攀 眀漀爀猀栀椀瀀瀀攀爀猀 漀昀 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 ⠀椀⸀攀⸀ 匀椀欀栀猀⤀ 琀漀 戀攀 䬀椀氀氀攀搀 眀栀攀爀攀瘀攀爀 昀漀甀渀搀⸀∀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 漀昀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 䈀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀甀爀 娀愀欀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 ⠀㜀㈀㘀ⴀ㐀㔀⤀ 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀椀稀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀渀渀漀甀渀挀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀攀栀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 匀椀欀栀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀爀爀攀猀琀 漀昀 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 䴀甀✀椀渀ⴀ甀氀ⴀ䴀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀氀欀 ⠀㜀㐀㠀ⴀ㔀㌀⤀Ⰰ 渀椀挀欀渀愀洀攀搀 䴀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 䴀愀渀渀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀Ⰰ 攀渀昀漀爀挀攀搀 娀愀欀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀✀猀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀挀栀 爀椀最漀甀爀 琀栀愀琀 栀椀猀 渀愀洀攀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 挀漀渀琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀爀礀 昀漀氀欀氀漀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 栀椀洀 琀栀攀椀爀 ∀猀椀挀欀氀攀∀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 猀愀渀最Ⰰ ∀䴀愀渀渀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 椀猀 漀甀爀 猀椀挀欀氀攀㬀 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 椀琀 洀漀眀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 眀攀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀礀⸀∀ 匀椀欀栀猀 猀甀昀昀攀爀攀搀 栀甀最攀 氀漀猀猀攀猀 椀渀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 㰀椀㸀最栀愀氀氀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀最栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 栀漀氀漀挀愀甀猀琀猀 漀昀 㜀㐀㘀 愀渀搀 㜀㘀㈀⸀ 䤀渀 猀瀀椀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀攀琀戀愀挀欀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀攀渀琀氀攀猀猀 匀琀愀琀攀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀椀欀栀猀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 氀漀猀攀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 爀攀猀椀氀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 渀漀爀 搀椀搀 琀栀攀礀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀椀爀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 琀漀 搀眀椀渀搀氀攀 栀漀瀀攀氀攀猀猀氀礀⸀ 䤀洀瀀攀氀氀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 漀昀 搀愀爀椀渀最 椀渀 昀愀挀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 栀攀愀瘀礀 漀搀搀猀Ⰰ 昀爀攀猀栀 爀攀挀爀甀椀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 椀渀 昀愀挀琀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 爀攀愀搀礀 琀漀 樀漀椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀愀渀欀猀⸀ 䔀瘀攀渀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀愀猀猀琀爀漀甀猀 洀愀猀猀愀挀爀攀 漀昀 㜀㘀㈀ 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 䄀栀洀愀搀 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 䐀甀爀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 栀愀搀 椀洀愀最椀渀攀搀 栀攀 栀愀搀 猀挀漀甀爀最攀搀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 爀愀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 爀攀挀漀甀瀀攀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 洀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀Ⰰ 愀琀琀愀挀欀椀渀最 匀椀爀栀椀渀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 昀漀甀爀 洀漀渀琀栀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀愀猀琀爀漀甀猀 攀瘀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䄀昀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 椀渀瘀愀搀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 昀椀最栀琀椀渀最 昀漀爀挀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀 琀爀椀愀氀 爀攀琀愀椀渀攀搀 椀琀猀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 猀琀爀椀欀椀渀最 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 愀戀氀攀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 琀漀 挀愀爀爀礀 椀琀猀 愀爀洀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀愀渀琀 瀀愀爀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀 爀甀氀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀洀椀猀氀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀挀椀攀猀 漀瘀攀爀 琀攀爀爀椀琀漀爀椀攀猀 攀砀琀攀渀搀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 夀愀洀甀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀愀猀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䤀渀搀甀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀攀猀琀 洀甀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 氀攀搀 琀漀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 匀椀欀栀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 唀渀搀攀爀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 ⠀㜀㠀 ⴀ㠀㌀㤀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 戀漀甀渀搀愀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀猀漀氀椀搀愀琀椀渀最 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀 猀漀瘀攀爀攀椀最渀 匀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 洀甀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀攀搀⸀ 䤀琀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 猀琀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 昀漀爀挀攀搀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 匀椀欀栀 琀椀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 爀攀挀漀爀搀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀⸀ 一漀 挀攀渀猀甀猀 眀愀猀 琀愀欀攀渀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀漀猀攀 搀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 渀漀 攀砀愀挀琀 漀爀 渀攀愀爀 攀砀愀挀琀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 琀漀搀愀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀 栀愀猀 挀漀洀攀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 匀椀欀栀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀渀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀搀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀✀猀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 眀愀猀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀攀渀 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀⸀ 䈀甀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀愀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 椀渀 㠀㐀㤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 猀攀琀 椀渀 愀 爀愀瀀椀搀 搀攀挀氀椀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀攀渀最栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀⸀ 䄀猀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 礀攀愀爀 㠀㔀ⴀ㔀㈀ 椀猀猀甀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 渀漀琀攀搀㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
The Sikh faith and ecclesiastical polity is rapidly going where the Sikh political ascendancy has already gone. Of the two elements in the old Khalsa, namely, the followers of Nanuck, the first prophet, and the followers of Guru Govind Singh, the second great religious leader, the former will hold their ground, and the latter will lose it. The Sikhs of Nanuck, a comparatively small body of peaceful habits and old family, will perhaps cling to the faith of their fathers; but the Sikhs of Govind who are of more recent origin, who are more specially styled the Singhs or "lions", and who embraced the faith as being the religion of warfare and conquest, no longer regard the Khalsa now that the prestige has departed from it.
This circumstance strongly corroborates what is commonly believed, namely that the Sikh tribe is losing numbers rapidly. Modern Sikhism was little more than a political association (formed exclusively from among Hindus), which men would join or quit according to the circumstances of the day... Now that the Sikh commonwealth is broken up, people cease to be initiated into Sikhism and revert to Hindooism. Such is the undoubted explanation of a statistical fact, which might otherwise appear to be hardly credible.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀBesides large scale reversion into the Hindu fold, Christian proselytization, with overt government aid and encouragement, was also making inroads, especially among the backward classes. In the enumeration made in the Punjab including the cis-Sutlej princely states in 1868, Sikhs numbered only 1,141,848. In the first regular census of 1881, the Sikh figure stood at 1,853,426. Thereafter, the decennial censuses reflected a steady increase in Sikh population. This upward trend was largely the result of the Siṅgh Sabhā reform movement launched in 1873. The figures are :
㰀搀椀瘀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ
㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ Census ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀㔀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ倀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ Increase per cent ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀 ∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1881 ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀㔀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀⰀ㠀㔀㌀Ⰰ㐀㈀㘀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀⴀ㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㠀㤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ 㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1,907,883 ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㈀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 2.9 ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀 ∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1901 ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀㔀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㈀Ⰰ㤀㔀Ⰰ㌀㌀㤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㔀⸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ 㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 3,014,466 ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㈀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 37.3 ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀 ∀㸀ഀഀ ऀ㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀഀ 㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 吀栀攀 䌀攀渀猀甀猀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ㤀㈀Ⰰ漀昀昀攀爀猀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1921 ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀㔀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㌀Ⰰ㈀㌀㠀Ⰰ㠀 ㌀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㜀⸀㐀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ "The reason for the rapid growth of Sikhism in the last twenty years undoubtedly lies in the development among them of a strong communal feeling, their realisation of themselves as a separate political community from Hindus and the conversion to Sikhism of many of the depressed classes, who formerly swilled the ranks of the Hindus...”
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ吀栀攀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀氀猀漀 愀氀氀甀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 愀戀漀甀琀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀椀渀最 愀 匀椀欀栀㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ"...Two of the fundamental rules required of a Sikh are that he should wear hair and refrain from smoking, and these two distinguishing features were prescribed at the census of 1891 as a definite criterion for the recognition of a Sikh where there was doubt. They were, however, abandoned in 1911 as being unsatisfactory : it was then laid down that the statement of the person enumerated should be accepted and this rule has been retained at the present 1921 census."
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ吀栀椀猀 爀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀漀渀 爀攀猀甀氀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 氀愀爀最攀爀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀猀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀最椀猀琀攀爀攀搀 愀猀 㰀椀㸀欀攀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀猀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 㰀椀㸀猀愀栀搀樀搀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀猀愀栀愀樀搀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 琀漀 㰀椀㸀欀攀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 㐀㜀 椀渀 㠀㤀 愀渀搀 ⸀㜀 椀渀 㤀 Ⰰ 昀攀氀氀 琀漀 ⸀㈀㈀ 椀渀 㤀 愀渀搀 ⸀ 㠀 椀渀 㤀㈀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀIt may be noted that the modest rate of increase in the 1921 census reflects only the general trend attributable to the world wide influenza epidemic which broke out soon after World War I (1914-18). The population of India as a whole had shown a decrease of 0.31 per cent for the decade 1911-21. The upward pace in Sikh statistics was resumed after 1921 as is evident from the following table :
㰀搀椀瘀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ
㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀ഀഀ 䌀攀渀猀甀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀㜀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ Population 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀ഀഀ 䤀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 瀀攀爀 挀攀渀琀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㔀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ 㤀㌀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀㜀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 4,306,442
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ㌀㌀⸀㌀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㔀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1941
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ 㔀Ⰰ㘀㤀Ⰰ㐀㐀㜀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㌀㐀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 32.1
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ 㤀㔀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀㜀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 6,219,134
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ 㤀⸀㈀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㔀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1961
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ 㜀Ⰰ㠀㐀㔀Ⰰ㤀㔀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㌀㐀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 26.1
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ 㤀㜀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀㜀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 10,378,797
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ㌀㈀⸀㈀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㔀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀琀爀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 1981
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ ㌀Ⰰ 㜀 Ⰰ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㌀㐀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 25.9
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ 㤀㤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀऀ㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀㜀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀ഀഀ㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ 17,178,080
ऀऀऀ㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀ഀഀ ㌀⸀㐀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀഀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ䠀攀爀攀Ⰰ 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀挀愀搀攀 㤀㐀ⴀ㔀 眀愀猀 漀眀攀搀 琀漀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀椀爀挀甀洀猀琀愀渀挀攀 ☀⌀㠀㈀㈀ 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 椀渀 㤀㐀㜀 眀栀攀渀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀猀 瀀攀爀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀椀漀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀攀挀攀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀漀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 氀漀猀猀攀猀 渀漀琀眀椀琀栀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 眀攀爀攀 搀攀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀漀渀猀漀氀椀搀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀 ⠀䤀渀搀椀愀渀⤀ 倀甀渀樀愀戀 椀渀 挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 洀椀最爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 圀攀猀琀 ⠀倀愀欀椀猀琀愀渀⤀ 倀甀渀樀愀戀⸀ 䈀愀爀攀氀礀 ㌀⸀㈀㈀ 瀀攀爀 挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀攀ⴀ倀愀爀琀椀琀椀漀渀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 ⠀㤀㐀 挀攀渀猀甀猀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀眀 ㌀㠀⸀㔀 瀀攀爀 挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 愀渀搀 倀䔀倀匀唀 ⠀倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 䔀愀猀琀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 唀渀椀漀渀⤀⸀ 䤀渀 㤀㔀㘀Ⰰ 倀䔀倀匀唀 眀愀猀 愀洀愀氀最洀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 䔀愀猀琀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 琀漀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀ⴀ猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最 倀甀渀樀愀戀 椀渀 㤀㘀㘀 戀礀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 琀攀爀爀椀琀漀爀椀攀猀 琀漀 昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 䠀愀爀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀漀渀 琀攀爀爀椀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䌀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀椀最愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀爀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀漀 䠀椀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀挀栀愀氀 倀爀愀搀攀猀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀愀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 猀琀愀琀攀 爀漀猀攀 琀漀 㘀 ⸀㈀㈀ 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀猀甀猀 漀昀 㤀㜀Ⰰ 琀漀 㘀 ⸀㜀㔀 椀渀 㤀㠀 愀渀搀 㘀㈀⸀㤀㔀 椀渀 琀栀攀 㤀㤀 挀攀渀猀甀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 椀渀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 眀愀猀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀攀搀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 椀渀 愀 栀椀最栀攀爀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀愀最攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀 愀猀 愀 眀栀漀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀愀琀 漀昀 䤀渀搀椀愀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 ⸀㐀㜀 瀀攀爀 挀攀渀琀 椀渀 㤀㐀Ⰰ 爀漀猀攀 琀漀 ⸀㜀㈀ 椀渀 㤀㔀Ⰰ ⸀㜀㠀 椀渀 㤀㘀Ⰰ⸀㠀㤀 椀渀 㤀㜀 愀渀搀 ⸀㤀 椀渀 㤀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
The bulk of the Sikh population of India (77.9%) lives in the Punjab. Major Sikh concentrations outside Punjab are in Haryāṇā, Uttar Pradesh, Rājasthān and Delhi, in that order. Within the Punjab, the Sikhs, by and large an agricultural community, are mostly settled in villages. They are in a minority in all cities and towns. For example, in Chaṇḍigaṛh, the capital of the Punjab, Sikhs formed only 25.45 per cent of the population in 1971, further reduced to 21.11 percent in 1981, and 20.29 per cent in 1991.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ऀ一漀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 匀椀欀栀猀 猀攀琀琀氀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀氀礀 漀爀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀爀椀氀礀Ⰰ 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 䤀渀搀椀愀⸀ 伀渀 愀 爀漀甀最栀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀氀礀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 ⠀㌀ Ⰰ 琀漀 㘀 Ⰰ ⤀Ⰰ 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 ⠀ Ⰰ 琀漀 㔀 Ⰰ ⤀ 愀渀搀 椀渀 䌀愀渀愀搀愀 ㌀ Ⰰ 琀漀 ㈀㔀 Ⰰ ⤀⸀ 䄀猀 愀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀愀挀栀椀渀最猀 漀昀 愀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 匀椀欀栀 攀渀琀栀甀猀椀愀猀琀Ⰰ 䠀愀爀戀栀愀樀愀渀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 倀甀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀氀礀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 夀漀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䈀栀愀樀愀渀Ⰰ 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀栀漀甀猀愀渀搀 一漀爀琀栀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 眀栀椀琀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀猀漀 攀洀戀爀愀挀攀搀 匀椀欀栀椀猀洀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ 㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀䤀䈀∀㸀ഀഀ BIBLIOGRAPHYDecennial Census Report
㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䴀愀樀漀爀 䜀甀爀洀甀欀栀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 ⠀刀攀琀搀⸀⤀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ