਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} ਍⸀䌀㄀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀  㘀㘀䌀䌀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} ਍⸀䌀伀一吀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀䘀䘀    㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ ਍㰀䴀䔀吀䄀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀∀挀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀栀琀洀氀㬀 挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㴀唀吀䘀ⴀ㠀∀㸀㰀⼀䠀䔀䄀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ

AÑJUMAN-I-PAÑJĀB, founded in Lahore on 21 January 1865 by the distinguished linguist, Dr Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner, who became successively the first principal of the Government College at Lahore and the first registrar of the University of the Pañjāb, was a voluntary society which aimed at the development of "vernacular literature" and dissemination of popular knowledge through this medium. Its actual activities spanned a wide range of educational forums and social issues, including encouragement of Vedic and Unānī medicine, a mushāirā or poetical symposium, newspaper journalism, a free public library, a system of private primary schools, lecture series and publication of literary works in Indian languages. The Añjuman held meetings for the discussion of questions of literary, scientific and social interests, sent memorials to the government, established a public library and compiled a number of treatises and translations in Urdu, Hindi and Punjabi. It also started an Oriental school and was instrumental in the establishment of the Paňjāb University College, which was assigned to "promoting the diffusion of European science, as far as possible, through the medium of the vernacular languages of the Punjab, improving and extending vernacular literature generally, affording encouragement to the enlightened study of the Eastern classical languages and literature, and associating the learned and influential classes of the province with the officers of government in the promotion and supervision of popular education. " On 14 October 1882, this college was converted into Pañjāb University which was the outcome primarily of the labours of the Añjuman.

਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䄀樀甀洀愀渀 栀愀搀 愀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 漀昀 ㈀㐀㐀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㘀㔀 ⴀ 琀栀攀 礀攀愀爀 漀昀 椀琀猀 戀椀爀琀栀⸀ 䄀洀漀渀最 椀琀猀 挀栀愀爀琀攀爀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 匀椀欀栀 ☀⌀㠀㈀㈀ 眀愀爀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀爀琀Ⰰ ∀ 琀栀攀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀椀渀最 栀攀椀爀猀 漀昀 搀攀挀椀洀愀琀攀搀 匀椀欀栀 渀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䄀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 匀椀欀栀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀樀甀洀愀渀 眀攀爀攀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䠀愀爀戀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀猀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 猀琀攀眀愀爀搀ⴀ愀搀瘀椀猀攀爀Ⰰ 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀椀 䴀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀氀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀⸀ 䤀渀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 爀攀愀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 䄀樀甀洀愀渀 琀栀攀礀 搀攀昀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀猀 琀漀 猀琀甀搀礀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 椀渀 䜀甀爀洀甀欀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 猀挀爀椀瀀琀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 氀愀琀攀爀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 匀椀欀栀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀攀渀愀琀攀 漀昀 倀愀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀⸀ 吀栀攀礀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 栀漀猀琀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 漀昀昀椀挀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 眀栀漀 瘀椀攀眀攀搀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 愀猀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀 爀甀搀攀 搀椀愀氀攀挀琀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀 爀攀搀攀攀洀椀渀最 氀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀渀挀攀 甀渀眀漀爀琀栀礀 漀昀 愀搀洀椀琀琀愀渀挀攀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 挀甀爀爀椀挀甀氀甀洀 漀昀 倀愀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀椀猀 欀攀礀 樀甀渀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 眀攀氀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀攀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀 漀昀 愀 匀椀欀栀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀Ⰰ 匀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䄀琀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 漀昀 䈀栀愀搀愀甀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㄀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 琀椀搀攀 漀昀 愀爀最甀洀攀渀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀漀爀 漀昀 倀愀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀 匀攀渀愀琀攀 椀渀 昀愀瘀漀甀爀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 愀搀瘀漀挀愀琀椀渀最 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀⸀ 䄀琀琀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 愀 氀椀猀琀 漀昀 ㌀㠀㤀 眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 椀渀 䜀甀爀洀甀欀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 猀挀爀椀瀀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀攀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀 椀渀 栀椀猀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀攀搀 愀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀琀 漀渀攀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 爀攀愀搀 漀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 ㄀㠀㜀㜀Ⰰ 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 愀琀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 戀礀 匀椀欀栀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ

        Sardār (later Sir) Attar Siṅgh's impressive library won Punjabi studies admission at the Pañjāb University. Significantly, the first Gurmukhī instructor appointed to teach classes at the College was Bhāī Gurmukh Siṅgh renowned in Sikh history as a vital figure in Siṅgh Sabhā renaissance. Supporting what he called "semi-secular" education, meaning the admission of religious training into government schools, G. W. Leitner actively sponsored the appointment of Bhāī Gurmukh Siṅgh to teach Gurmukhī and mathematics at the Pañjāb University College. Encouraging Sikh religionists, Leitner launched a Sikh "Bhāī Class" at Oriental College, Lahore, where Gurmukh Siṅgh taught the sons of traditional Sikh literati. This amalgam of Orientalist and Sikh studies led to the institution at the Pañjāb University College of Budhīmān examination in Gurmukhī. Attar Siṅgh became the first examiner. By 1883 a system of Gurmukhī examinations became standardised at Pañjāb University. Supported by Añjuman orientalists, the Siṅgh Sabhā delivered in 1880 a petition to the Senate of Pañjāb University College signed by prominent Sikhs, seeking that new schools they hoped to found be patronized by the Pañjāb University College and the college entrance examinations be held in Punjabi, as was then being done for Urdu and Hindi speakers. The same year the Siṅgh Sabhā joined hands with the Añjuman representing to Viceroy Ripon to raise the Pañjāb University College to University status. Just as a major portion of the Añjuman activities had shifted to the floor of the Pañjāb University College Senate after the creation of that Orientalist-inspired institution in 1870, Ripon's sanction in 1882 of a fully-empowered Pañjāb University witnessed the final decline of the Añjuman. Its principal objective, i. e. the creation of a university, had been realized. Moreover, increased competition between communities, Sikh, Hindu and Muslim, had made the cross-communally populated Añjuman an anachronism by the mid-1880's.

਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ

਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䰀攀椀琀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䜀漀琀琀氀椀攀戀 圀椀氀栀攀氀洀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䤀渀搀椀最攀渀漀甀猀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀愀渀樀愀戀 猀椀渀挀攀 䄀渀渀攀砀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㠀㈀㰀⼀椀㸀 嬀刀攀瀀爀椀渀琀崀⸀ 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㄀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

  • Harbans Singh, The Heritage of the Sikhs. Delhi, 1983
    ਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 倀攀爀爀椀氀氀Ⰰ 䨀攀昀昀爀攀礀Ⰰ 䄀樀甀洀愀渀ⴀ椀ⴀ倀愀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀 ⠀甀渀瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 倀栀⸀ 䐀⸀ 琀栀攀猀椀猀⤀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

    Jeffery Perrill


    ਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀⼀䠀吀䴀䰀㸀㰀⼀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ