㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
.BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;}
⸀䌀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀ 㘀㘀䌀䌀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ
.BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;}
⸀䌀伀一吀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀䘀䘀 㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ
㰀䴀䔀吀䄀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀∀挀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀栀琀洀氀㬀 挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㴀唀吀䘀ⴀ㠀∀㸀㰀⼀䠀䔀䄀䐀㸀ഀഀ
㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ
ALEXANDER alias MUHAMMAD SADĪQ, a European of unknown nationality, who drifted to Lahore in 1841 from Kābul, where he had served in Shāh Shujā's army, and had adopted the Muslim faith. He joined the Khālsā army as a battalion commander serving under John Holmes.
㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀䜀爀攀礀Ⰰ 䌀⸀ Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 䄀搀瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 一漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 㜀㠀㔀ⴀ㠀㐀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 嬀刀攀瀀爀椀渀琀崀⸀ 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ 㤀㜀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
Gulcharan Siṅgh
㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
㰀⼀䠀吀䴀䰀㸀㰀⼀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ